Electrical Geeks

Transformer In a transformer, Source of alternating current is applied to the primary winding. Due to this, the current in the primary winding (called as magnetizing current) produces alternating flux in the core of transformer. This alternating flux gets linked with the secondary winding, and because of the phenomenon of mutual induction an emf gets induced in the secondary winding. Magnitude of this induced emf can be found by using the following EMF equation of the transformer. EMF equation of the Transformer: Let, N 1 = Number of turns in primary winding N 2 = Number of turns in secondary winding Φ m = Maximum flux in the core (in Wb) = (B m x A) f = frequency of the AC supply (in Hz) As, shown in the fig., the flux rises sinusoidally to its maximum value Φ m from 0. It reaches to the maximum value in one quarter of the cycle i.e in T/4 sec (where, T is time period of the sin wave of the supply = 1/f). Therefore, average rate of change of fl...

An Ideal transformer  have no energy losses i.e zero losses, and 100% efficient. but in real (In practical) transformers, energy is dissipated in the windings, core, and surrounding structures. Larger transformers are generally more efficient, and those of distribution transformer usually perform better than 98%. Experimental transformers using superconducting ( Super conductor is one that in which zero losses occur) windings achiev e efficiencies of 99.85% but it will be available in coming years. The different losses in the transformer   1.copper losses ( Winding resistance) Current flowing through the windings causes resistive heating of the conductors. At higher frequencies, skin effect and proximity effect create additional winding resistance and losses. Total cupper losses = I 1 2 . R 1 + I 2 2 R 2 = I 1 2 . R 01 + I 2 2 R 02 2.Core or Iron Losses There are two types of core or iron losses as follows: 2.1)  Hysteresis loss...